AI & The Weather Enterprise
31 May 2025 | ZeroGeoengineering.com | U.S. Congressional proposals S. 1378 and H.B. 2770 increase investment and deployment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) while “the Big Beautiful Bill” would fund AI/5G/6G and prevent States from regulating AI for 10 years.
S.1378 “A bill to enhance the use by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of artificial intelligence for weather forecasting, and for other purposes.”
H.B. 2770 “To direct the use of artificial intelligence by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to adapt to extreme weather, and for other purposes.”
H.R. 1 “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” – “no state or political subdivision may enforce any law or regulation regulating artificial intelligence models, artificial intelligence systems, or automated decision systems during the 10-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act.”
The dismantling of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and accelerated deployment of Artificial Intelligence further underscores the urgency for States to exercise critical oversight and maintain regulatory authority over AI, interoperable infrastructures, as well as to prohibit weather interventions.
Rhode Island H 5217:
More Context: The Federal Weather Enterprise The Global Weather Enterprise From Towers To Clouds
S. 1378 Bill Title: TAME Extreme Weather and Wildfires Act Transformational Artificial intelligence to Modernize the Economy against Extreme Weather and Wildfires Act
Artificial Intelligence as defined in the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401):
“The term “artificial intelligence” means a machine-based system that can, for a given set of human-defined objectives, make predictions, recommendations or decisions influencing real or virtual environments. Artificial intelligence systems use machine and human-based inputs to-
(A) perceive real and virtual environments;
(B) abstract such perceptions into models through analysis in an automated manner; and
(C) use model inference to formulate options for information or action.”
‘‘Under Secretary’’, and ‘‘weather enterprise’’ are defined in the Weather Research and
Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 (15 U.S.C. 8501): “The term “Under Secretary” means the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere.” 
Source
The terms “weather industry” and “weather enterprise” are interchangeable in this chapter, and include individuals and organizations from public, private, and academic sectors that contribute to the research, development, and production of weather forecast products, and primary consumers of these weather forecast products. ( Pub. L. 115–25, §2, Apr. 18, 2017, 131 Stat. 92 .)
“(4) to strengthen public-private partnerships in highly technical, high-risk, and high-reward fields related to weather, water, wildfires, and space weather forecasts.”
“(1) TRAINING DATASETS—Not later than 4 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Director of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, the Interagency Council on Advancing Meteorological Services, other appropriate Federal advisory committees as determined by the Under Secretary, and such other technical experts as the Under Secretary considers appropriate, shall develop and curate comprehensive weather forecasting training data sets with relevant Earth system data…”
“CONTINUED SUPPORT FOR OBSERVATIONS, BASIC RESEARCH, AND NUMERICAL WEATHER MODELS.—Notwithstanding the requirements of this subsection, the Under Secretary shall continue to support and advance the activities of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration—”
“(B) advance research on the Earth system…” [ZG NOTE: Research = Experimentation]
“TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ON USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WEATHER, WATER, AND SPACE WEATHER MODELS.—”
“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary shall provide—
(A) technical assistance, data access, and support for forecasters, scientists, social scientists, and engineers to test and evaluate the use and effectiveness of the artificial intelligence models of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, including within the testbeds of the Administration;”
“(B) BEST PRACTICES.—In carrying out this paragraph, the Under Secretary may develop and disseminate best practices in collaboration with—
(i) the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, and the Department
of Energy;
(ii) academic and research institutions; and
(iii) the private sector.”
“(f) PARTNERSHIPS FOR TRANSFORMATIONAL INNOVATION.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary may explore novel structures for partnerships with private, academic, and international entities for research and development of transformative innovation in weather forecasting and other environmental forecasts—…
…(C) to develop, evaluate, and transition artificial intelligence weather, water, and hazard forecasting applications to operations. ”
“(2) CO-INVESTMENT.—Subject to applicable law, the Under Secretary may consider and adopt novel co-investment strategies with the private academic and international sectors to carry out paragraph (1), including—
(A) non-Federal Government contributions to resource and support high-risk, high-return research and development in environmental forecasting, data science, artificial intelligence, and related fields;
“ACCOMMODATIONS.—In developing and implementing the plan under paragraph (1), the Under Secretary may make such accommodations as the Under Secretary considers appropriate…”
“(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary shall submit to Congress a report, in both unclassified and classified form, regarding the risks to the economic and intellectual security of the United States from foreign countries of concern through access by those countries to weather data in the United States.”
“Subject to applicable law, the Under Secretary may consider novel methods to recruit, retrain, and retain expert personnel to support activities under this section…”
“(j) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Under Secretary to carry out this section—
(1) for fiscal year 2026, $311,000,000; and
(2) for each of fiscal years 2027 through 2030, $76,000,000.”
H.R. 2770 Bill Title: TAME Extreme Weather and Wildfires Act Transformational Artificial intelligence to Modernize the Economy against Extreme Weather and Wildfires Act
2023 Georgetown Environmental Law Review article, “Cloud Seeding, Wildfire Smoke Emissions, and Solar Geoengineering: Why is Climate Modification Unregulated?”
“Congress began “fixing” wildfire in 2013. Since then, the incidence of wildfire has dramatically increased. What if our new approach to wildfire is causing the crisis?”
Link To Cloud Seeding, Wildfire Smoke Emissions, and Solar Geoengineering: Why is Climate Modification Unregulated?
White House Budget FY 2026
“…the part that countries play in contributing to the global interdependent effort to create value for the benefit of all citizens is critical, and this is facilitated by the WMO, the World Bank, the IPCC, trade associations, and other international institutions and mechanisms.”
Creating Value in the Global Weather Enterprise 2021
Link to Creating Value in the Global Weather Enterprise
Related
The Federal Weather Enterprise: Fiscal Year 2021 Budget and Coordination Report
S. 3888 Artificial Intelligence, Mass Surveillance, & Weather
Reauthorization of Trump’s Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act Introduced Under Biden
Urge legislators to ban weather interventions HERE
Research State Legislation HERE
Americans4aCleanAtmosphere.com