Finnish Meteorological Institute  May 2014

This thesis encompasses studies on two methods to reflect part of the incoming solar radiation back to space (i.e.,

solar geoengineering): stratospheric sulphur injections that aim to create a long-lived layer of sulphate aerosols

high in the atmosphere to scatter solar radiation, and marine aerosol injections that aim to enhance the reflectivity

of marine clouds and scatter incoming solar radiation by the injected particles.